This is the legend of Dhruva, the child who became a symbol of justice, equality and rights.
From Brahma's body was created Manu. Manu is the source of all human creation. Hence the terms Manav or Manuj for man which literally mean the products of Manu. Manu had two righteous and brave sons known as Priyavarta and Uttanapad.
The king Uttanapad had two wives, Suneeti, the daughter of a nature loving tribal lord and Suruchi, the daughter of a rich neighboring king. Suruchi, the second wife, was a willful and selfish woman. But she also possessed a great beauty.
The king had a son by each of his queens. Dhruva was the son of Suneeti, the elder queen, and was destined to inherit the throne; Suruchi’s son was Uttamma.
Following the selfish wishes of Suruchi, he sent his first wife and little Dhruva out of the palace to stay in a cottage near the palace. Dhruva lost his right to the throne as the king promised Suruchi that her son would be king. Dhruva grew up in his mother’s care.
One day, Dhruva went near the palace and strayed into the main palace where the king and the queen were holding court. When Dhruva saw the king, he recognized him as his father. He also saw a little boy sitting on the king’s lap. This boy was Uttamma, the son of Suruchi. Overwhelmed with joy and love, Dhruva ran up to the throne because he too wanted to share his father’s lap. Even as Dhruva reached the king and tried to climb onto his father’s lap, Queen Suruchi was enraged. Screaming abuse at the little boy, Suruchi dragged him away from the king. “How dare you! You cannot sit on the king’s lap. You have no right to that; only my son has that right”.
Dhruva feeling hurt went straight to his mother Sunithi and narrated her the whole incident. Hearing it Sunithi tried to console her son: "Dear son! One gets in this life in accordance with what one had done in previous lives. Suruchi and Uttamma must have done better deeds in previous lives than we did to deserve the position they enjoy. Instead of craving for Uttamma's position you should try to do better deeds so that in coming life you may get honorable position. If you do good deeds, act righteously and religiously there is no reason why you shouldn't get better position than what Uttama enjoys in the life."
Dhruva felt quite consoled by his mother's words. He said: "Mother! your words have given me peace. I will try to achieve the highest position of all. True, the king loves Uttamma's mother more and true that I am not her son. But I am your son and I will show you what I can achieve. I don't carve for throne. Let Uttamma have it. I will achieve a place by my hard work and devotion which may even be unachievable been for high sages and seers."
The determination in the boy’s words was apparent. Although Suniti tried to dissuade him from going to the forest to perform a severe penance, Dhruva would not listen to her. The forest was not away from the palace. When Dhruva reached the denser part of the forest he met the seven sages (Saptha rishi's). He bowed before them and said: "I am Dhruva, the son of Raja Uttanapad and Suniti. I am unhappy so I have come before you." The sages were surprised and they asked: "Prince you are hardly five years old. What could be the reason for you feeling unhappy at this age? Moreover, your father is the king and much on the throne. Nor you seem to suffer from any illness. Then what could have caused as much unhappiness to you as to drive you out of the luxury of the palace off to these jungles?"
Then Dhruva elaborately told them the reason of unhappiness. He said that he desired neither wealth nor kingdom. He simply wanted to attain a position that no one has attained before. Seeing the determination writ large on the his face, the sages were amazed. They instead of discouraging or dissuading him from performing rigorous penance in the dense jungle, they advised him to worship Vishnu for only Vishnu could assure Dhruva the position he desired. While departing they taught him the twelve syllabled mantra:
"Om Namo Bhagavate Vasudevaya"
As they departed Dhruva continued his journey onwards to reach Maduvan (now known as Mathura). Selecting a neat spot near the bank of river Yamuna under a huge tree he started his worship of lord Vishnu. This started panic on Gods abode that this penance might be to steal their position. They started to send many obstacles but Dhruva continued his worship. Lord Vishnu knew what was in young Dhruva's mind. Vishnu allowed the gods to device all obstructions with two intensions. First, to ascertain the firmness in Dhruva's worship and secondly, to make the gods realize that there are other positions much respectable than their own positions.
One fine day Lord Vishnu appeared before Dhruva and offered him a boon. Dhruva opened his eyes and saw Lord Vishnu before him. Dhruva sought the boon that be should always feel like praying to Vishnu. As a matter of fact, Dhruva did not want a boon at all. When he saw Lord Vishnu before him, he desired for nothing more. Nevertheless, Vishnu was so pleased with Dhruva's devotion and selfless dedication that he persisted on granting some boon. Dhruva then said that he wanted a position as might place him on the top of the world. Vishnu assured him that he will occupy such a eternal position in the sky as would make all the start revolve around it.
Dhruva tara (Pole star) can now be easily identified near the Saptarishi mandal (Ursa Major).